Knol : a unit of knowledge (google)

Knol is a Google project which aims to include user-written articles on a range of topics. The brainchild of Udi Manber of Google, it was announced on December 13, 2007 and was opened in beta to the public on July 23, 2008 with a few hundred articles mostly in the health and medical field.

Knol pages are "meant to be the first thing someone who searches for this topic for the first time will want to read", according to Manber.The term knol, which Google defines as a "unit of knowledge", refers to both the project and an article in the project. Several experts see Knol as Google's attempt to compete with Wikipedia, while others point out the differences between the projects.

Format

All contributors to the Knol project must sign in first with a Google account and are supposed to state their real names.If permission is given, Google will check the veracity of the name information by credit card or phone. Google "[believes] that knowing who wrote what will significantly help users make better use of web content", and it hopes that "knols will include the opinions and points of view of the authors who will put their reputation on the line".

Any contributors can create (and own) new knols, and there can be multiple articles on the same topic, each written by a different author. The authors have an option to allow their knols to be edited by the public, to make them editable only to co-authors or to make them closed entirely. They may also choose to include ads from Google's AdSense to their knols. Knol has a content policy describing topics unacceptable for the project. Relevant nudity is allowed (in most countries), but pornography, commercial or otherwise, is forbidden.[11] Also forbidden is discriminatory or violent content. Content designed to promote businesses, products or services is allowed, but articles devoid of substantive content and created solely to generate ad revenue are not.[11] Readers with Google accounts may rate, comment on, or suggest edits to the knols. When the project was announced, Manber said that "Google will not serve as an editor in any way, and will not bless any content. All editorial responsibilities and control will rest with the authors."

All knols are licensed by default under the Creative Commons CC-BY-3.0 license (which allows anyone to reuse the material as long as the original author is named), but authors may choose the CC-BY-NC-3.0 license (which prohibits commercial reuse) or traditional all rights reserved copyright protections instead.

Knol employs "nofollow" outgoing links, using an HTML directive to prevent links in its articles from influencing search engine rankings

Reception

Competition

Knol has been described both as a rival to encyclopedia sites such as Wikipedia and Scholarpedia and as a complement to Wikipedia, offering a different format that addresses many of Wikipedia's shortcomings. The non-profit Wikimedia Foundation, which owns the name Wikipedia and the servers hosting the Wikipedia projects, welcomed the Google Knol initiative saying that "The more good free content, the better for the world." While Wikipedia articles are written collectively under a "neutral point of view" policy, Knol will highlight personal expertise by emphasizing authorship and, like articles provided on Squidoo, HubPages, oondi.com, and Helium.com, knols will contain the personal opinions of the author. Despite the official Wikimedia response and the differences in format, Wikimedia Foundation chair Florence Devouard has expressed concern over Knol's potential threat to Wikipedia in terms of the competition it will create. After Knol's beta launch, Google product manager Cedric Dupont responded to the idea that Google intended Knol to be a "Wikipedia killer" by saying, Google is very happy with Wikipedia being so successful. Anyone who tries to kill them would hurt us.The New York Times noted similarities in design between Knol and Wikipedia, such as use of the same font.Dupont responded that the use was simply a coincidence as it is a commonly used font.

Because of Knol's format, some have said Knol will be more like About.com than Wikipedia.According to Wolfgang Hansson, a writer at DailyTech, Knol may have been planned for About.com originally when it was up for acquisition. Hansson reported that several sources close to the sale said Google was planning to acquire About.com, but the executives at About.com learned Google was planning to move from About.com's model to a wiki-style model. That would have meant layoffs for all 500 or so "Guides" at About.com

Conflict of interest

There has been debate whether Google search results can remain neutral because of possible conflict of interest. According to Danny Sullivan, "Google’s goal of making Knol pages easy to find on search engines could conflict with its need to remain unbiased."[Jeff Chester, executive director of the Center for Digital Democracy, raised similar concerns: "At the end of the day, there's a fundamental conflict between the business Google is in and its social goals. What you're seeing here, slowly, is Google embracing an advertising-driven model, in which money will have a greater impact on what people have ready access to."As a response to such concerns it has been pointed out that Google already hosts large amounts of content in sites like Google Base, Google Pages, YouTube, Blogger and Google Groups and that there is no significant difference in this case. Nicholas Carr, a frequent technology commentator, dismissed predictions of Google manipulating results saying that Google is hoping that the most popular Knol pages will rise naturally through the search results, challenging Wikipedia and providing another area of content that can carry Google ads.

Since its announcement in December of 2007, there has also been speculation on Google's motives and its position as a producer of content rather than as an organizer. The Guardian's Jack Schofield argued that "Knol represents an attack on the media industry in general.